Only Zombies and players can loot you. Animals will not loot you. Zombies will only take items off that you are wearing. Players can take anything from you.
If you died to an animal or jumping off a cliff, all the items will be on your person that you had on you before when you respawn. Any items you left on the ground (you dont drop anything when you die) will be at the spot you dropped them as long as a player doesnt loot them.